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Prince Hal
Prince Hal is the standard term used in literary criticism to refer to Shakespeare's portrayal of the young Henry V of England as a prince before his accession to the throne, taken from the diminutive form of his name used in the plays almost exclusively by Falstaff. Henry is called "Prince Hal" in critical commentary on his character in ''Henry IV, Part 1'' and ''Henry IV, Part 2''.
Hal is portrayed as a wayward youth who enjoys the society of petty criminals and wastrels, a depiction which draws on exaggerations of the historical prince Henry's supposed youthful behaviour. The question of whether Hal's character is cynical or sincere has been widely discussed by critics.
==Name==
In the two plays, the diminutive "Hal" is only ever used of the prince, not of any of the other characters named "Henry". It is only one of the several versions of "Henry" used. In fact the prince is variously referred to in the plays as "Hal", "Harry" and "Harry Monmouth", but never as "Henry".〔("Prince Hal", ''Encyclopedia Britannica' )〕〔 J. Madison Davis, ''The Shakespeare Name and Place Dictionary'', Routledge, 2012, p.399.〕 Only Falstaff and Poins ever call the prince "Hal", and Poins does so only twice. In the two plays, Falstaff does so forty times, even hailing him as "King Hal" at his coronation.〔Shakespeare, William, ''Henry IV, Part 2'', Act 5, Scene 5.〕
In Part 1, the name "Harry" is most commonly used to refer to Harry Hotspur, who is set up as the dramatic foil of the prince.〔Michael W. Shurgot, ''Stages of Play: Shakespeare's Theatrical Energies in Elizabethan Performance''. University of Delaware Press, 1998. p.117.〕 The prince himself is typically called "Harry" when the two are being contrasted. In Part 2, it is most commonly used when he is being compared to his father, notably at the end by Henry V himself when he refers to the Turkish tradition of killing a newly installed king's brothers, saying that his own brothers should not worry, as "not Amurath an Amurath succeeds,/But Harry Harry".〔Shakespeare, William, ''Henry IV, Part 2'', Act V, scene 2.〕 In ''Henry V'' he is never called Hal, only Harry. The official royal name "Henry" is only used once, in the epilogue, in reference to his son "Henry the Sixth, in infant bands crown'd King / Of France and England".〔Shakespeare, William, ''Henry V'', epilogue.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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